Pirogov University’s Bulletin of medical psychology and social work

Pirogov University’s Bulletin of medical psychology and social work

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Erokhina VA, Stepanova VA, Belugina V

Severe speech impairment is considered a common problem among preschoolers and elementary school students with disabilities. Such speech disorders can hinder a child's full development, as well as interfere with socialization and productive learning. This article presents the results of a study examining the characteristics of emotional response, recognition, and communicative activity in children with severe speech impairments. A comparative analysis of the results of emotional-personal diagnostics was conducted for children with severe speech impairments and children with typical development. The study results show that subjects with severe speech impairments exhibit a statistically significant decrease in the level of emotion recognition and communicative activity compared to children with typical development. With age, the severity of emotional-personal disorders in children with severe speech impairments decreases: the level of recognition of emotions in others increases; anxiety decreases; and the level of communicative activity increases. Hypotheses are put forward regarding the causes of the identified characteristics and differences in the compared groups of children within the framework of the concept of patterns of mental development in children with severe speech impairments.

Received: 2025-09-20

Published online: 2026-02-10

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2025–04.06

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VIEWS 64

Protopova МA, Gorshkov GI, Schalk G, Dragoy ОV

This study presents the results of a pilot study of the potential use of a portable low-channel EEG system for recording and discriminating brain states. The work consists of two stages: 1) comparing different EEG recording configurations (with and without conductive gel), 2) developing and testing a speech rehabilitation paradigm using the optimal configuration (based on the first stage). We demonstrated that recordings without gel significantly impede EEG pattern classification accuracy. Then, using the word-picture matching paradigm developed in our laboratory, we examined evoked responses and the feasibility of distinguishing them using machine learning methods. We found that the word-picture matching paradigm elicits a distinct evoked potential in the EEG of healthy participants. Furthermore, to minimize the classifier calibration time for each individual participant, we attempted to pretrain the classifier using data from independent participants. However, pretraining the classifier did not lead to a significant improvement in classification performance. Although further improvement is required to increase classification performance, this pilot study is one of the few aimed at the practical application of these results in rehabilitation practice.

Received: 2024-09-30

Published online: 2026-02-10

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2026–01.05

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VIEWS 55

Demkina EI, Mikheikin ME, Gorshkova TA, Alekseeva VM, Tarasova DM, Mitiureva DG, Skripkina SM, Abrosimova VD, Kiselnikov AA

The study employed EEG network analysis to investigate the relationship between the brain’s functional organization, visual working memory and fluid intelligence. Network metrics were assessed at the global, meso-, and local levels. A machine learning model reliably estimated fluid intelligence, demonstrating the predictive value of the brain’s network architecture.

Received: 2025-08-31

Published online: 2026-02-10

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2026–01.04

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VIEWS 59

Polovinkina AV

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the problem of the image of the world of people with alcohol dependence, from the perspective of a neuropsychological approach. The deformation of the structure of the image of the world in alcohol dependence is described, taking into account the available research in psychology. The theoretical concept of changing the image of the world in a situation of illness, neuropsychological features of cognitive processes, as well as neuropsychological aspects of the perception of people with alcohol dependence are presented.

Received: 2025-09-29

Published online: 2026-02-10

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2026–01.02

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VIEWS 57

Kaziyeva AN, Ismailova AA

This article examines the current state and performance of the healthcare system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, with a particular focus on the role of public administration in ensuring accessibility and quality of medical services. The study analyzes key indicators, including life expectancy, the structure and financing of healthcare, price dynamics for medical services, and regional disparities in the distribution of healthcare facilities and personnel. Statistical data from national and international sources are utilized to assess both domestic trends and Kazakhstan’s position in global healthcare rankings.

Received: 2025-09-16

Published online: 2026-02-10

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2026–01.01

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VIEWS 51

Sabirova SR, Haytanova O, Chudina YuA

The article describes the role of the dopaminergic system in the formation of positive emotions when interacting with pets. It has been shown that communication with pets increases the level of dopamine and oxytocin, reduces stress and improves mental well-being. The mechanisms of influence of visual attractiveness and tactile contact with pets on the psychological state of children and adults are described. Interaction with animals is also used for therapeutic purposes.

Received: 2025-09-20

Published online: 2025-12-25

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2025–04.06

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VIEWS 45

Dobrodeyeva NV, Chelysheva MV

The article presents the results of a neuropsychological study of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia at different stages of the disease. It has been shown that as the pathology progresses, neurodynamic, regulatory, and cognitive impairments increase, with the most pronounced deficits observed at stages 2–3.

Received: 2025-09-29

Published online: 2025-12-25

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2025–04.05

Comments 0

VIEWS 40

Morozova MV, Fadeev KA, Goyaeva DE, Ovsyannikova TM, Kryuchkova AG, Stroganova TA, Orekhova EV

Difficulties in speech sound processing are frequently observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are most pronounced under challenging listening conditions (e.g., in noise). It has been suggested that impaired speech processing in ASD may be linked to functional and morphological abnormalities at the brainstem level, although conclusive evidence is lacking. The frequency-following response (FFR) reflects synchronous neural activity in the auditory brainstem elicited by sound stimulation and may provide insights into the integrity of subcortical auditory processing in individuals with ASD. The aims of the present study were (1) to establish and validate FFR recording procedures in a cohort of neurotypical children and adults, and (2) to obtain preliminary data on potential differences in temporal and spectral characteristics of the FFR between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children.FFRs were recorded in response to the speech syllable [da] in 28 adults (mean age 25.1 ± 3.3 years), 15 typically developing children (9.9 ± 1.6 years), and 20 children with ASD (9.5 ± 1.5 years) using the protocol described by Skoe et al. (2015). Data analysis revealed a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), allowing reliable characterization of FFR wave latencies and spectral properties across all groups. Consistent with previous reports, adults showed lower wave amplitudes and overall spectral power compared to children. SNR was higher in adults relative to children, but no significant difference was observed between TD children and children with ASD. No group-level differences in FFR measures were found; observed tendencies did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons.These results suggest the absence of pronounced abnormalities in brainstem-level processing of speech signals in children with ASD at the group level. Future studies aimed at improving SNR in FFR recordings, expanding sample sizes, and assessing the severity of speech perception difficulties may help identify subgroups of children in whom such difficulties are associated with brainstem dysfunction.

Received: 2025-08-31

Published online: 2025-12-25

DOI: 10.24075/vmedpsy.2025–04.04

Comments 0

VIEWS 35